Description

Aneurysm & AVM (Neurovascular) Surgery 🔹 1. Cerebral Aneurysm An aneurysm is an abnormal ballooning/dilatation of a blood vessel wall in the brain, usually at arterial bifurcations. If it ruptures → subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) → life-threatening. Treatment Options Microsurgical Clipping Craniotomy is performed. A metal clip is placed at the aneurysm neck → excludes it from circulation. Provides permanent cure. Endovascular Coiling (minimally invasive) Catheter passed via femoral/radial artery into cerebral vessel. Coils inserted into aneurysm → induce clotting → prevent rupture/rebleed. Sometimes stents/flow diverters are added. 🔹 2. Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) An AVM is a tangled abnormal connection between arteries & veins → bypasses capillary system → risk of rupture/bleeding or seizures. Treatment Options Microsurgical Resection Open surgery to remove AVM nidus completely. Best for small, accessible AVMs. Endovascular Embolization Catheter delivers glue-like material or coils to block AVM vessels. Can be standalone or used before surgery/radiosurgery. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife/CyberKnife) Focused radiation shrinks/obliterates AVM over 1–3 years. Useful for small to medium AVMs in deep or critical areas. 🔹 Surgery Decision Factors Size and location of aneurysm/AVM Ruptured vs. unruptured Patient’s age, neurological status, comorbidities Surgical risk vs. benefit 🔹 Risks & Complications Stroke (ischemia due to vessel occlusion) Re-bleeding (especially if incomplete occlusion) Infection, seizures, hydrocephalus Neurological deficits depending on site (speech, vision, motor weakness)

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